Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Shape memory bone screws loading L-arginine and Ca 2+ propagate mechanical stimulation, energize bone cells and augment bone regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.07.007

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematics showing the design and application of SMP bone screw. (A) Fabrication and shape memory function of SMP bone screw; (B) Schematic illustration of preparation process of SMP-Ca/ArgX (X = 0.5, 1, 2) bone screw; (C) Dopamine-assisted coating of Ca 2+ and Arg's SMP-Ca/Arg screw and subsequent implantation into the bone defect site; (D) SMP-Ca/Arg-P bone screw (an SMP bone screw coated with PDA, Ca 2+ , and 2.0 mg/mL of Arg, and then compressed) can release mechanical force and Arg/Ca 2+ for coupled osteogenesis–angiogenesis in bone repair; (E) Schematic illustration of the forces activate the mechanosensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) protein and piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 2 (PIEZO2). This activation boosts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation and enhancing cellular metabolism, facilitating the influx of Ca 2+ and Arg released by the SMP-Ca/Arg bone screws through activated calcium channels (e.g., TRPV4 and PIEZO2) and cell membrane proteins (e.g., cationic amino acid transporter (CAT)). The elevated Ca 2+ level further upregulates calmodulin (CaM) and increase the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) for Arg decomposition to regenerate nitric oxide (NO). This subsequently activates the NO-cGMP pathway, promoting coupled osteogenesis and angiogenesis. The calcium signaling pathway is visually represented by blue arrows, the NO-cGMP pathway is represented by red arrows, and the forces exerted by the SMP-Ca/Arg-P bone screw is indicated by orange arrows.

Article Snippet: Similarly, on day 3, the cGMP ELISA kit (Bioss, China) was used to measure the amount of cGMP.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Membrane, Activity Assay

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Shape memory bone screws loading L-arginine and Ca 2+ propagate mechanical stimulation, energize bone cells and augment bone regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.07.007

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro osteogenesis and angiogenesis potential of SMP bone screw. (A) Schematic illustration showing the released Ca 2+ and Arg synergistically activate the NO-cGMP pathway, ultimately promoting both osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Release profiles of (B) Ca 2+ and (C) Arg from different SMP bone screws. (D) Representative ALP staining images (with enlarged images inserted) and (E) quantitative analysis of ALP activity of rBMSCs on day 3 and day 7. (F) Representative ARS images and (G) quantitative analysis of calcium deposition of rBMSCs on day 7 and day 14. (H) Representative fluorescence images showing the endothelial network formation in HUVECs after co-culture for 6 and 12 h. (I-K) Relative expression of angiogenic-related gene expression including eNOS, nitrite levels, and cGMP concentration of rBMSCs and HUVECs on day 3. Data were presented as mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA (n = 3 for each sample, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001). These results suggest that Ca 2+ and Arg synergistically activate the NO-cGMP signaling pathway to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis.

Article Snippet: Similarly, on day 3, the cGMP ELISA kit (Bioss, China) was used to measure the amount of cGMP.

Techniques: In Vitro, Staining, Activity Assay, Fluorescence, Co-Culture Assay, Expressing, Gene Expression, Concentration Assay

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Shape memory bone screws loading L-arginine and Ca 2+ propagate mechanical stimulation, energize bone cells and augment bone regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.07.007

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bioinformatic analysis of gene expression of rMSCs on different bone screws. (A) Principal component analysis of gene expression profile of rMSCs grown in the presence of cSMP screw or SMP-Ca/Arg2-P screw; (B) Venn diagram illustration of the significant DEGs between the SMP-Ca/Arg2-P group and the cSMP group; (C) Volcano plots of transcriptomic analysis of DEGs in cSMP versus SMP-Ca/Arg2-P; (D) Up-regulated enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of cSMP versus SMP-Ca/Arg2-P; (E) Heatmap evaluation of up-regulated DEGs involved in mechanosensitive calcium, PI3K-Akt and cGMP-PKG signaling pathways; (F-G) Relative messenger RNA expression evaluation of targeted genes via qRT-PCR; (H) Schematic illustration of potential SMP-Ca/Arg2-P-mediated activation of the mechanosensitive and NO-cGMP signaling pathway for coupling osteogenesis-angiogenesis. Sample size n = 3 for all experiments. Data were presented as mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA ( n = 6 for each sample, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: Similarly, on day 3, the cGMP ELISA kit (Bioss, China) was used to measure the amount of cGMP.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Protein-Protein interactions, RNA Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, Activation Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Impact of bronchoalveolar lavage from influenza A virus diseased pigs on neutrophil functions and growth of co-infecting pathogenic bacteria

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1325269

Figure Lengend Snippet: Different markers in the BALF of respiratory diseased pigs tested negative (IAV-negative) and positive (IAV-positive) for IAV (A–D) and the correlation to the IAV Ct value detected in BALF and/or lung tissue (E–H) . The amounts of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) (A) , sialic acid (B) , IFN-α (C) , and IFN-γ (D) were analyzed in the BALF of 21 IAV-positive, 24 IAV-negative, and five (four in NAD) healthy control animals. For each marker, a box and whisker plot with the minimum and maximum values and individual points is presented. A Mann–Whitney test was calculated (* p < 0.05). The correlation of the analyzed markers and the Ct value of IAV was performed with Spearman r resulting in no significant correlation, except for a significant negative correlation between IAV Ct value and IFN-α (G) . A simple linear regression is depicted in the graph and the values for r , p , and n are given (E–H) . The dotted line (C, D, G, H) represents the detection limit of the ELISA for IFN-α (36 pg/ml) and IFN-γ (2 pg/ml), as all the samples where no signal was detected were set to the detection limit.

Article Snippet: The following assays were conducted: the General Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) ELISA Kit (Ref: MBS2700640-96, MyBioSource, San Diego, California, UnitedStates), to detect the amount of NAD; the Citrullinated Histone H3 (Clone 11D3) ELISA Kit (Ref: 501620, Lot: 0637729, Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States), to detect the amount of citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit); the Cell Death Detection ELISA PLUS Kit (Ref: 11774425001, Sigma), to detect the amount of nucleosomes; the Porcine IFN gamma (γ) ELISA Kit (Ref: KSC4021, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts, United States), to detect IFN-γ; and the Porcine IFN alpha (α) ELISA Kit (Ref: ES7RB, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.), to detect IFN-α.

Techniques: Control, Marker, Whisker Assay, MANN-WHITNEY, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Impact of bronchoalveolar lavage from influenza A virus diseased pigs on neutrophil functions and growth of co-infecting pathogenic bacteria

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1325269

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation analysis of NET markers and other markers detected in the BALF with the growth progression of A.pp in the BALF. The correlation analysis was performed with Spearman r for IAV-negative BALF (A, C, E, G, I, K, M, O, Q) and for IAV-positive BALF (B, D, F, H, J, L, N, P, R) and detected several significant positive correlations. The growth progression of A.pp correlates positively with cell-free DNA (A, B) , sialic acid (M, N) , and IFN-γ (Q, R) in the case of IAV-negative and IAV-positive BALF. The growth progression of A.pp correlates with the nucleosome (D) only in the case of IAV-positive BALF. The values for r , p , and n are given in each graph, and each square or triangle represents one BALF sample. Several markers in the BALF correlate positively with the growth progression of A.pp , but this was not significant. The dotted line (O–R) represents the detection limit of the ELISA for IFN-α (36 pg/ml) and IFN-γ (2 pg/ml), as all the samples where no signal was detected were set to the detection limit.

Article Snippet: The following assays were conducted: the General Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) ELISA Kit (Ref: MBS2700640-96, MyBioSource, San Diego, California, UnitedStates), to detect the amount of NAD; the Citrullinated Histone H3 (Clone 11D3) ELISA Kit (Ref: 501620, Lot: 0637729, Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States), to detect the amount of citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit); the Cell Death Detection ELISA PLUS Kit (Ref: 11774425001, Sigma), to detect the amount of nucleosomes; the Porcine IFN gamma (γ) ELISA Kit (Ref: KSC4021, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts, United States), to detect IFN-γ; and the Porcine IFN alpha (α) ELISA Kit (Ref: ES7RB, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.), to detect IFN-α.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Journal of Medical Biochemistry

Article Title: Decreased Serum Level of Gamma-amino Butyric Acid in Egyptian Infertile Females with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is Correlated with Dyslipidemia, Total Testosterone and 25(OH) Vitamin D Levels

doi: 10.2478/jomb-2018-0051

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum GABA level, testosterone and 25(OH) vitamin D of PCOS group vs. normal controls. Data are presented as median and interquartile range.

Article Snippet: Serum GABA level was measured using the Human Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) ELISA Kit (MyBioSource, USA).

Techniques: